The structural features of cylindrical roller bearing
The cylindrical roller is in line contact with the raceway, the radial load capacity is great, suitable for taking heavy load and shock load as well as the high-speed rotation. The N type and NU-type can make axial displacement and adapt to changes of relative positions between shaft and housing caused by thermal expansion or the mounting error, which is most suitable to be used as the free end bearing. NJ type and NF type can take certain degree of axial load in single direction, and NUP type can withstand a certain degree of axial load in double directions. The inner ring and outer ring are separable with easy mounting and dismounting. The NNU type and NN type with strong rigidity of anti-radial load are mostly used for machine tool spindle. FC, FCD, FCDP type can support great radial load and are mainly used for rolling mill rolls.
The bearings of this type are mainly used for medium and large motors, generators, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, machine tool spindles, deceleration devices, handling machineries, and all kinds of industrial machineries
Single row cylindrical roller bearing
NU type and N type allow the shaft to make axial movement relative to the housing within a certain range, therefore, they are suitable to be used as free end bearings. NJ type and NF type can sustain certain degree of the axial load in the single direction.
NUP type and NFP type can withstand a certain degree of axial movement in both directions, therefore they are suitable to be used as free end bearing.
Double row cylindrical roller bearing
Double row cylindrical roller bearings are divided into two types, including cylindrical bore and tapered bore. In addition, there is also bearing with oil hole and oil groove. The bearings of this type are mostly used for machine tool spindles, while they also can be used in other areas.
Four row cylindrical roller bearing
Four cylindrical roller bearings can support very heavy radial load and impact load with high precision. They are suitable for high-speed conditions and mostly used in the rolls of the rolling mill, while they also can be used in other areas.
The rollers of cylindrical roller bearing are usually guided by two ribs of a bearing ring. The cage, roller, and guiding bearing ring make up an assembling unit which can be separated from another bearing ring. The bearing is of separable bearing. This bearing has easy mounting and dismounting. The advantages show especially when the inner ring and outer ring are interference fit with the shaft and housing.
The bearings of this type are generally used to support radial load only, and only single row bearings with ribs on both inner ring and outer ring can stand relative small steady axial load or intermittent axial load. Comparing with the same-sized deep groove ball bearings, the bearings of this type have greater radial load capacity. However, the bearings of this type have very high processing requirements for the relevant parts fitted with the shaft and shell hole.
1. Main structural type
(1) Cylindrical roller bearings
1) The N type and NU type cylindrical roller bearings with ribs on the outer ring or without ribs on the inner ring have a heavy radial load capacity and high limiting speed without limiting the axial displacement of the shaft and housing and supporting axial load.
2) The NF type, NJ type, NH (NJ + HJ) type, NUP type, NF type, NJ type cylindrical roller bearings with ribs on both inner ring and outer ring can limit the axial displacement of shaft or housing in single direction and support small single-direction axial load. The H type, NUP-type bearings can limit the axial displacement of shaft or housing in both directions within the axial clearance range and withstand the small axial load in both directions.
3) The RNU type and RN type cylindrical roller bearings without inner ring or outer ring are used in parts with limited radial dimension, the journal or the surface of the housing hole are directly taken as the rolling surface of which the hardness, machining accuracy and surface quality should be similar to the raceway of bearing ring.
4) The strengthened cylindrical roller bearings with E as suffix are in the design structure optimized in recent years. They have a large number of rollers with big length and diameter, thus the load capacity is high. The bearings are preferred to be used in design applications.
(2)The FC type, FCD type and FCDP type four-row cylindrical roller bearings are mainly used for heavy machinery, such as rolling mill. The codes indication method is different from the code notation of the conventional bearing.
2. Cage material
When the outer diameter of the single row cylindrical roller bearings D≤400mm, the steel plate (or with) pressed cage is generally used. When outer diameter D≤400mm, the steel or brass solid cage is used. The four-row cylindrical roller bearings adopt brass solid cage or pin cage.
3. Permissible tilt angle
Cylindrical roller bearings don’t allow axis tilt relative to shell hole. However, the single row cylindrical roller bearings allow the mutual tilt of inner and outer ring axis up to 21. If the load is heavy, the permissible error is slightly large, but not exceeding 41.
4. Tolerance and clearance
The single row cylindrical roller bearings can be manufactured into different classes of tolerance according to the needs. The tolerance values can be seen in aforementioned “preface page 25”. The tolerance classes of the four row cylindrical roller bearings are divided into 0 class, 6 class and 5 class.
BEM has two series of precision cylindrical roller bearings, including the single row N10K and double row NN301K. The cylindrical roller bearings belong to the line contact with load capacity and rigidity higher than point contact angular contact ball bearings (including bearing in multi-joint configuration). However, the permissible speed is much lower. Therefore, cylindrical roller bearings are commonly used in medium and large machine tools with great radial load, high rigidity requirement and relatively not too high speed. The most commonly used cylindrical roller bearing for machine tool is tapered bore double row cylindrical roller bearings. The bearings of this type can support heavy radial load with separable inner ring and outer ring and can not take axial load. Therefore, they are generally combining used with double direction angular contact thrust ball bearings.
The single row cylindrical roller bearings are usually used as floating type support and combining used with angular contact bearings as the fixed type support. The taper of inner ring tapered bore is 1:12 fitted with tapered shaft diameter of spindle. Thus, the required radial clearance or radial preload can be adjusted by axial displacement on the tapered spindle. The bearing ribs of N10K and NN30K series are set on the inner ring, and their outer rings are separable
The bearing with suffix W33 has lubrication groove and three lubrication holes on the outer rings which is easy for sufficient bearing lubrication. The radial clearance of cylindrical roller bearings is generally supplied with C1. The bearing rings are not interchangeable. C1 is not given in the bearing code, and when it is needed, the bearings are supplied according to C2 clearance class. The radial clearance of cylindrical roller bearings is seen in “the tolerance of the bearing”.
The bearing code examples:
N1020K.M.SP.C.2
NN3020K.W33.M.SP
Grease lubrication
The cylindrical roller bearing is particularly suitable for grease lubrication, but the distribution of the grease must ensure that the cylindrical roller end surface of inner ring will obtain sufficient lubrication. Assuming the low lubricant amount is required in oil lubrication, such as assembled in parallel together with angular contact ball bearings, the single oil line is required to avoid the steep increase of bearing temperature led by excessive lubrication because of the entering of excessive lubricants of angular contact ball bearings flow angular contact ball bearings.
The preload and rigidity of bearing
The preload of cylindrical roller bearing adopts radial preload, which makes the circum circle diameter of rolling elements is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer ring raceway, thus generate bearing internal interference. For cylindrical roller bearing with tapered bore on the inner ring, the radial expansion of bearing inner ring can be achieved through changing the location of the inner ring on tapered surface of shaft.
The preload (i.e. the amount of interference) of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing is recommended to choose from 0 to 5 μm, and the preload can be appropriately increased when bearing is at the low speed. The best preload of bearing can be determined by experiment according to the bearing size, accuracy and working conditions, such as the speed, load, lubrication conditions, and allowable temperature rise etc.
The limiting speed of cylindrical roller bearing is determined by the radial clearance adjustment value.
BEM can produce a variety of structures and dimensions of single row cylindrical roller bearings. Separated by the cage, the change of roller is mainly on bearing ring ribs. The bearing ring with ribs as well as roller and cage assembly can be separated from another bearing ring. It is easy for mounting and dismounting, especially when the interference fit is required for both bearing inner ring and outer ring due to the limit of load status.
NU type
Since there are ribs on the both sides of the bearing outer ring and no ribs on the inner ring, the double-direction axial displacement is allowed by shaft relative to bearing box, which means the shaft length variation caused by thermal expansion. Therefore, it is suitable to be used as non-positioning bearing. Due to the design and maintenance reasons, the rib of large cylindrical roller bearing is not made into adjustable type instead of fixed type.
NJ type
With ribs on both sides of the outer ring and one side of the inner ring, the cylindrical roller bearing can provide axial positioning in one direction for the shaft.
NUP type
With ribs on both sides of the outer ring, the rib on one side and movable rib on the other side of the inner ring, the cylindrical roller bearing of this type can provide axial positioning in double directions for the shaft.
N type
With two ribs on the bearing inner ring and no ribs on the outer ring, the double-direction axial displacement of this cylindrical roller bearing can be adjusted by the position of the outer ring and seat bore. Therefore, the bearing can be used as non-positioning bearing.
NF type
With two ribs on the bearing inner ring and one rib on the outer ring, this cylindrical roller bearing can be used for positioning in one direction.
RNU type
With shaft for quenching and grinding process, the RNU type bearing (the outer ring, cage and roller assembly) has its own unique advantages. Since the bearing has no inner ring, the shaft can be made relatively large, which increases the rigidity of the system and making sure that the axial displace is limited only by the width of the shaft raceway. When the shaft raceway is produced in appropriate size and shape accuracy, the high rotational accuracy is expected to be obtained. RNU type bearing is produced in build to order.
E-type bearings
After the improvement of bearing internal geometry shape, the E-type bearing has higher carrying capacity comparing with the bearings of the same basic dimension in earlier designs. The new design of the rib and roller end face makes sure that E-type bearing has pretty high axial carrying capacity and the good contact condition guarantee the good lubrication and low operating temperature of the roller/rib contact zone. These features help the wider application of BEM E-type bearing.